Ethnic groups of Russia: Mordvins

This is the largest Finno-Ugric ethnic group in Russia. It numbers about half a million people, most of whom live in the Republic of Mordovia, southeast of Moscow. Interestingly, the ethnonym ‘Mordva’ is of Iranian origin and translates as ‘person’ or ‘man’.

The Mordvins actually consist of two sub-ethnic groups – the Mokshans and the Erzyans – who have their own cultural characteristics and even differ from one another in physical appearance. Incidentally, there is no common Mordvin language; rather, there are the related Mokshan and Erzya languages.

The main musical instrument of the Mordvins is the ‘torama’ trumpet. It was used by both shepherds and warriors. In Mordvin mythology, it serves as a symbol of hope. According to legend, on the day of the enemy's arrival, a ‘torama’ will sound and the legendary hero, Tyushtyan, the son of the god of thunder and war, will return to defend his homeland.

One of the most popular dishes in Mordvin cuisine is ‘Ofton Madyat’ (‘Bear's Paw’). It’s made from veal liver, pork, breadcrumbs and onions and is served in the shape of this wild animal’s paw. The name dates back to ancient times, when young men, to prove their bravery, were expected to return from the forest with a bear's paw.